Venus Caliber 175 – The Foundation of Mid-Century Chronograph Excellence

The Venus Caliber 175 is one of the most respected and widely used manual-winding chronograph movements of the 20th century. Developed by Fabrique d’Ebauches Venus SA, the caliber was introduced in the 1940s and became a cornerstone of Swiss chronograph production during the post-war boom in mechanical wristwatches. The 175 is especially known for its column wheel control, making it mechanically refined, reliable, and desirable among vintage watch collectors today.

Technical Specifications

• Type: Manual-winding chronograph

• Diameter: Approx. 31 mm

• Height: Around 6.0 mm

• Jewels: 17

• Frequency: 18,000 vibrations per hour (2.5 Hz)

• Power Reserve: Around 40–45 hours

• Chronograph Mechanism: Column wheel with horizontal clutch

• Functions:

  • Hours

  • Minutes

  • Small seconds (usually at 9 o’clock)

  • 30-minute chronograph counter (at 3 o’clock)

  • Central chronograph seconds

Movement Design and Layout

The Venus 175 features a bi-compax layout (two subdials) and a central chronograph seconds hand, controlled via a column wheel mechanism—an engineering choice prized for its precision and tactile operation. The column wheel ensures a smooth and crisp feel when operating the chronograph pushers, in contrast to cam-switched systems.

The horizontal clutch system transmits power from the movement to the chronograph mechanism, with visible interaction between gears—an engaging detail for watchmakers and enthusiasts alike.

Despite its elegant and mechanical complexity, the 175 was robust and practical, making it suitable for both civilian and military-issued chronographs.

Brands That Used Venus 175

The Venus 175 became a movement of choice for many mid-tier and premium Swiss brands. Watchmakers appreciated its balance of performance and affordability. Notable brands that used the Venus 175 include:

• Breitling

• Gallet

• Clebar

• Croton

• Minerva

• Titus

• Wakmann

• Orator

• Leonidas

Breitling in particular used Venus 175 movements in several iconic models before switching to the Valjoux family later on.

Legacy and Evolution

The Venus 175 paved the way for more complex calibers like the Venus 176 (which added a 12-hour counter) and the Venus 178, which featured a full calendar and moonphase. Despite being less complicated, the 175 maintained a strong reputation thanks to its durability and classic proportions.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the Venus 175's legacy is its influence on Chinese watchmaking. In the 1960s, Venus sold the tooling and blueprints of the 175 to the Tianjin Watch Factory in China. This gave birth to the Seagull ST19, a modern Chinese chronograph movement that remains in production today and shares the DNA of the original Venus 175.

Collectibility and Appeal

Watches powered by the Venus 175 are highly collectible. The movement is sought after for its column-wheel mechanism, historical relevance, and versatile design. Whether in a dressy 1940s chronograph or a rugged 1950s tool watch, the Venus 175 continues to appeal to collectors who appreciate vintage mechanics.

When serviced properly, it remains a strong and reliable performer. As with all vintage calibers, sourcing parts requires either careful restoration or access to donor movements.

Conclusion

The Venus Caliber 175 is more than just a movement—it’s a piece of horological history. As the base for one of the most respected families of chronograph calibers, it helped define what a mechanical chronograph could be: elegant, functional, and enduring. Whether you're a watchmaker, collector, or enthusiast, the Venus 175 remains a name worth knowing and admiring.