The Valjoux caliber 22 is a manual-winding, column-wheel chronograph movement first introduced in 1914 by Valjoux (Fabrique d’Ébauches Valjoux SA). It is one of the oldest and most historically significant Swiss chronograph movements, used in military, aviation, and professional tool watches for much of the 20th century.

It is considered the larger sibling of the later Valjoux 23, with a similar mechanical architecture but a larger diameter, making it especially suitable for oversized wristwatches and pocket chronographs.

Key Specifications of Valjoux 22

• Type: Manual-winding chronograph

• Chronograph Mechanism: Column wheel

• Jewels: Usually 17

• Frequency: 18,000 vibrations per hour (2.5 Hz)

• Power Reserve: Approximately 45 hours

• Diameter: 31 mm (14 lignes)

• Height: ~6.6 mm

• Functions:

  • Central hour and minute hands

  • Central chronograph seconds

  • 30-minute counter at 3 o’clock

  • Small seconds at 9 o’clock

• Shock Protection: Incabloc in later examples

Design and Engineering

• Column-wheel architecture: Ensures smooth chronograph engagement and reset functions

• Horizontal clutch: Traditional coupling mechanism between the chronograph module and the gear train

• Finishing: High-grade Swiss industrial finishing; some examples show Geneva stripes, anglage, and polished screws depending on brand and period

The Valjoux 22 was renowned for its robustness and legibility, which made it ideal for pilot and military chronographs, especially in the mid-20th century.

Use in Watchmaking

Watches powered by the Valjoux 22 were typically larger than those using the smaller Valjoux 23. Notable brands that used this caliber include:

• Heuer

• Longines (modifications and equivalents)

• Gallet

• Enicar

• Minerva

• LeCoultre (in some tool chronographs)

• Universal Genève (early models)

The movement often appeared in military-issued timepieces, aviator watches, and technical chronographs produced from the 1930s to the 1960s.

Servicing and Maintenance

• Service Interval: Every 4 to 6 years is recommended

• Parts Availability: Still possible through vintage stock or donor movements, though increasingly rare

• Watchmaker Requirements: Due to the column wheel and vintage construction, servicing should be done by a professional with experience in vintage chronographs

• Common Wear Areas: Column wheel teeth, reset hammer, chronograph clutch, and mainspring barrel

Collectibility

The Valjoux 22 is highly collectible, especially in:

• Original military chronographs

• Large cased pilot watches

• Unmodified early examples

• Watches from reputable brands that preserved the movement in good condition

Its larger size compared to the Valjoux 23 gives it extra appeal for those looking for substantial vintage wristwatches with classic chronograph layouts.

Comparison: Valjoux 22 vs. Valjoux 23

Conclusion

The Valjoux 22 is a historically important and mechanically refined manual chronograph movement, known for powering early professional and military wristwatches. With its column-wheel mechanism, generous size, and durability, it offers vintage collectors an opportunity to own a functional piece of horological history. While less famous than the Valjoux 72, the Valjoux 22 remains a sought-after movement for those who appreciate traditional chronograph engineering at its finest.