Landeron Caliber 48 – The Workhorse of Mid-Century Chronographs

The Landeron Caliber 48 is one of the most important and widely produced manual-winding chronograph movements of the 20th century. Developed by Charles Hahn & Cie (Landeron) in 1937, it introduced a revolutionary change in chronograph operation with its cam-actuated switching system. This design allowed for simplified construction and mass production, making chronographs more affordable and accessible than ever before.

With production numbers exceeding 3.5 million units, the Landeron 48 became the backbone of countless mid-century chronographs and a true icon in vintage Swiss watchmaking.

Technical Specifications

• Type: Manual-winding chronograph

• Chronograph Mechanism: Cam-switching, horizontal clutch

• Pusher Configuration:

  • Top pusher (at 2 o’clock): Start

  • Same pusher: Stop

  • Bottom pusher (at 4 o’clock): Reset

• Jewels: 17

• Frequency: 18,000 vibrations per hour (2.5 Hz)

• Power Reserve: Approximately 40 hours

• Diameter: Approx. 31 mm

• Height: Around 6.3 mm

• Functions:

  • Hours

  • Minutes

  • Small seconds (at 9 o’clock)

  • 30-minute chronograph counter (at 3 o’clock)

  • Central chronograph seconds

Movement Characteristics

The Landeron 48 departed from traditional chronograph design by eliminating the column wheel in favor of a cam and lever mechanism. This change significantly reduced manufacturing complexity and cost, while still delivering reliable chronograph functionality. Although the feel of the pushers was not as refined as column-wheel movements, the 48 was known for being tough, dependable, and easy to service.

A notable feature of the Landeron 48 is its push-button logic:

• Press the top pusher to start the chronograph.

• Press it again to stop it.

• Press the bottom pusher to reset.

This became standard on many cam-switched chronographs thereafter, setting a precedent for affordable chronograph design.

Brands That Used Landeron 48

Thanks to its affordability and mass production, the Landeron 48 was used by dozens of Swiss watch brands from the late 1930s to the 1970s. These include:

• Croton

• Helbros

• Orator

• Mortima

• Baylor

• Tradition (by Sears)

• Arsa

• Camaro

• Gallet (in select models)

It appeared in watches with both sporty and elegant designs—ranging from tachymeter-equipped chronographs for drivers to dressy chronos with gilt hands and applied indices.

Legacy and Variants

The Caliber 48 was the foundation of a large family of Landeron chronograph movements. Variants include:

• Cal. 148 – With a 12-hour totalizer

• Cal. 248 – Upgraded version with minor improvements

• Cal. 187, 189, and others – Slight modifications for dial layout or functions

All of these shared the same cam-actuated chronograph system and were built on the success of the 48 platform.

Servicing and Collectibility

The Landeron 48 is straightforward to service for any watchmaker experienced with vintage mechanical chronographs. Replacement parts are still available on the secondary market due to its high production volume.

From a collector’s perspective, the Landeron 48 is an excellent entry point into vintage chronographs. While not as prestigious as column-wheel calibers like the Valjoux 72 or Venus 175, the 48 offers charm, history, and mechanical engagement at a more accessible price.

Conclusion

The Landeron Caliber 48 democratized the mechanical chronograph. Its simplified design, rugged performance, and widespread adoption make it one of the most important movements of the 20th century. Whether found in a modest 35 mm steel case or a stylish gold-plated vintage chrono, the Landeron 48 continues to tick with purpose—reminding us of an era when mechanical ingenuity met everyday practicality.