The Omega Caliber 1602 is an electronic tuning fork movement introduced by Omega in the early 1970s as part of its f300Hz series, which marked the brand’s foray into the world of high-accuracy, battery-powered watches. Based on the ESA 9162/9164 platform, this movement played a critical role in Omega's transition from mechanical to electronic timekeeping, offering both innovation and precision in one of the most stylistically distinctive periods in watchmaking.

Key Features and Functionality

• Movement Type: Electronic tuning fork

• Base Caliber: ESA 9162

• Frequency: 300 Hz

• Display: Analog with central seconds hand

• Calendar: Instantaneous date (Caliber 1602 is typically date-only; 1603 would be day-date)

• Battery: Originally used 1.35V mercury cells (now replaced by 1.55V silver-oxide equivalents like 344 or SR1136SW)

The tuning fork mechanism operates by vibrating at 300 Hz, driven by electromagnetic coils. A small index jewel transfers this vibration to the gear train, which moves the hands. The result is a very smooth sweeping seconds hand—more fluid than traditional quartz and almost indistinguishable from a mechanical chronometer.

Models and Use

The Omega Caliber 1602 was primarily housed in the Constellation f300Hz line and occasionally in Seamaster or De Ville variants. These watches featured bold 1970s designs—cushion cases, integrated bracelets, and distinctive dial layouts.

The tuning fork movement gave the watches high accuracy and a unique audible “hum.” The dial often bore the "f300Hz" marking beneath the Omega logo, with a logo "Ω" stamped into the tuning fork symbol at 6 o'clock.

Maintenance and Servicing

The Cal. 1602, like other tuning fork movements, is delicate and requires specialized tools and skills for servicing:

• The index wheel is extremely sensitive and must be handled with non-magnetic tools.

• The coil assemblies are easily damaged and difficult to replace.

• Lubrication must be minimal and confined to specific pivots; the index wheel should never be oiled.

Watchmakers often recommend avoiding water exposure entirely, even in “water-resistant” cases, as older gaskets degrade and may no longer seal properly.

Regulation and Timing

The movement includes a fine adjustment mechanism for regulation, usually a screw or lever near the tuning fork. Due to aging electronics and changes in battery voltage (from 1.35V to 1.55V), these watches may require re-regulation when serviced or when a new battery is installed.

Many models also include electronic trimming capacitors, allowing minor frequency adjustments to keep the watch within ±1–2 seconds per day—impressive even by modern standards.

Legacy and Collectibility

Omega’s Caliber 1602 stands as a symbol of the brand’s willingness to innovate during a time of great upheaval in the watch industry. It offered quartz-like precision with a mechanical feel and sound, predating Omega’s full entry into quartz with the Megaquartz series.

Today, watches powered by the 1602 are highly collectible for enthusiasts of vintage electronics, and many admire them for their historical importance and design. However, they are best suited for collectors with access to specialist watchmakers, as parts and expertise are increasingly scarce.